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''Sarpa salpa'', a species of sea bream, is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic.〔(Sarpa Salpa ) ''Mahalo''〕 These widely distributed coastal fish are normally found in the Mediterranean and around Spain, and along the west and south coasts of Africa.〔 Occasionally they are found in British waters.〔(Fish that triggers hallucinations found off British coast ) ''The Telegraph'', 13 May 2009.〕 They can induce LSD-like hallucinations if eaten.〔('Hallucination' fish netted in Channel ) ''The Guardian'', 13 May 2009.〕 In 2006, two men who apparently ate the fish experienced hallucinations lasting for several days.〔 〕〔 〕 The likelihood of hallucinations depends on the season.〔〔de Haro L, Jouglard DE, Thomas MJ and David JM (1994) "Intoxications de type ciguatera after eating the Sparidae in Mediterranean". In Boudoresque, CF, Meinsez A and Gravez V. (Eds) ( ''First International Workshop on Caulerpa taxifolia'' ) GIS Posidonie Publ., France, pp. 271–274. ISBN 9782905540195.〕〔Bellassoued K, Hamza A, Abdelmouleh A, Pelt JV and El Feki A (2011) ("Antioxidant response in the salema ''Sarpa salpa'': Interseasonal correlations with the diet" ) ''J. Food. Agric. Environ.'', 9 (1): 730–733.〕 ''Sarpa salpa'' is known as "the fish that makes dreams" in Arabic.〔 Other species commonly claimed to be capable of producing hallucinations include several species of sea chub from the genus ''Kyphosus''.〔 It is unclear whether the toxins are produced by the fish themselves or by marine algae in their diet. Other hallucinogenic fish are ''Siganus spinus'',〔 called "the fish that inebriates" in Reunion Island, and ''Mulloides flavolineatus'' (formerly ''Mulloidichthys samoensis''),〔 called "the chief of ghosts" in Hawaii. ==Cause of hallucinations== The active agent(s) that cause hallucinations in humans, and the origin of these agents, are not clear. Some authors think they could come from toxins associated with macroalgae that accumulate in the flesh of the fish. Toxins from the green algae ''Caulerpa prolifera'' in the Mediterranean Sea appear to be implicated,〔 as is the seagrass ''Posidonia oceanica''.〔Bellassoued K, A Hamza, A Abdelmouleh, FA Makni, JV Pelt and A Elfeki (2012) ("Toxicity assessment of dreamfish ''Sarpa salpa'' from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea)" ) ''Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment'', 10 (2): 1308–1313.〕 When herbivores eat seagrass leaves they ingest algal epiphytes and toxic dinoflagellates that live on the seagrass leaves.〔Kitting CL, Fry B and Morgan MD (1984) ("Detection of inconspicuous epiphytic algae supporting food webs in seagrass meadows" ) ''Oecologia'', 62 :145–149.〕 The German anthropologist Christian Rätsch thinks that dreamfish might contain the hallucinogen DMT.〔Pickover, Clifford A (2005) (''Sex, Drugs, Einstein, and Elves'' ) Chapter 1, page 9, Smart Publications. ISBN 9781890572174.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hallucinogenic fish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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